Evaluates the value of various documents concerning his field of expertise.

Is able to judge his own results in terms of both quality and added value.

Is willing to expose ideas to a critical audience; takes others’ opinions of his work into account.

Is willing to evaluate the work of other contributors and provides reasoned, realistic judgments of others’ work.

Knows how to review the state of the art (SOTA) in a scientific topic.

Makes efficient use of information-gathering methods, identifies pertinent resources, particularly bibliographic resources.

Masters web-based research (e.g., bibliographic databases, patent databases)

Knows how to judge the pertinence of information, critique sources and check source reliability.

Designs and implements information-gathering and management systems using suitable technology.

Addresses issues relating to the security and life cycle of data.

Seeks out support from experts in information and data management.