Masters the basic knowledge and key concepts of his field and knows their history and their significance.

Is familiar with recent progress in his field.

Can view his research activities within an international context.

Is familiar with the investigative methods and techniques of his field (including mathematics and statistics) and can explain why they are appropriate for a given purpose.

Is able to consider alternative methods and techniques.

Is able to formulate problems and hypotheses according to needs.

Defends his research findings in a constructive manner; provides evidence to support his ideas and proposals.

Organizes his presentations in a clear, informative and concise manner.

Knows how to review the state of the art (SOTA) in a scientific topic.

Makes efficient use of information-gathering methods, identifies pertinent resources, particularly bibliographic resources.

Masters web-based research (e.g., bibliographic databases, patent databases)

Knows how to judge the pertinence of information, critique sources and check source reliability.

Designs and implements information-gathering and management systems using suitable technology.

Addresses issues relating to the security and life cycle of data.

Seeks out support from experts in information and data management.